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1. ¼ö¤O¾Ç¤T¤j©w«ß |
A. ¼ö¤O¾Ç²Ä¤@©w«ß (¯à¶q¦u«í) |
¤@¼ö¤O¨t²Îªº¤º¯àÅܤƶq¥i¥H¼g¦¨¢w |
= q - w |
(¤º¯àÅܤƶq = ¨t²Î§l¦¬ªº¼ö¶q ¢w ¨t²Î¹ï¥~¬É§@ªº¥\) |
¶È¶È§i¶D§ÚÌ¡A¦b¹B°ÊÂà¤Æªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡u¯à¶q¥²¶·¦u«í¡v¡A¨Ã¨S¦³§i¶D§ÚÌþ¨Ç ¹B°ÊÂà¤Æ¥i¥H¦Ûµo¦a¶i¦æ¡Aþ¨Ç«o¤£¦æ¡C |
B. ¼ö¤O¾Ç²Ä¤G©w«ß (¹B°ÊÂà¤Æªº¤è¦V©Ê) |
Kelvin: ¡u¤£¥i¯à±q³æ¤@¼ö·½§l¨ú¼ö¶q¨Ï¤§§¹¥þÅܬ°¦³¥Î¥\¡A¦Ó¤£²£¥Í¨ä¥L¼vÅT¡C¡v |
¼ö®Ä²v¬°¦Ê¤À¤§¦Êªº¼ö¾÷¬O¤£¥i¯à³y¦¨ªº¡C |
¼ö¶Ç¾É¡B¼¯À¿©Ò²£¥Íªº¼ö²{¶H¬O¤£¥i°fªº¡C |
¼Æ¾Ç¤W§Y¢w¡u¦³æi¨ç¼Æ¦s¦b¡v¡C(entropy
[]
¢w a measure of the unavailability of a system¡¦s energy to do work; in a closed system an increase in entropy is accompanied by a decrease in energy availability.) |
C. ¼ö¤O¾Ç²Ä¤T©w«ß (Nernst theorem¡Aæiªº¼ÆÈ©w«ß) |
Plank: ¡u¯Âºéª«½èªºæi¡AµL½×¦óºØª«½è¡A¦bµ´¹ï¹s«×®É§¡µ¥©ó¹s¡C¡v |
¡u¥ô¦ó§¡¤Ãª«½è¡A·í¨ä¦bµ´¹ï¹s«×¥B¹F¨ì¤º³¡§¹¥þ¥¿Å®É¡A¨äæi¬°¹s¡C¡v |
¬Á¼þ¡B²V¦Xª«¡B¦P¦ì¯À¡B©M¯Ê³´ æi¤£¬°¹s¡C |
2. ¼ö¤O¾Çª¬ºA¨ç¼Æ(thermodynamic functions of state) |
U
¢w ¤º¯à(internal energy) = f(S,V,field,n) |
P ¢w À£¤O |
V ¢w Åé¿n |
H ¢w ÖU(enthalpy [= U+PV]) |
T ¢w ·Å«× |
S ¢w æi (entropy) |
G ¢w Gibbs¦Û¥Ñ¯à(= H - TS) |
A ¢w Helmholtz ¦Û¥Ñ¯à(=U - TS) |
¢w grand canonical ¦Û¥Ñ¯à ( = ) |
J.C. Slater (1939) pºâ¥XP,V,T,S,U,H,A,Gµ¥¼ö¤O¾Çª¬ºA¨ç¼Æ¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¦¡¦³521,631,180Ó¡C |
¦³¥Îªº¼ö¤O¾Çª¬ºA¨ç¼Æ¤Î¨äÀ³¥Î½d³ò |
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¨ç¼Æ·|¦b¥¿Å®É§e·¥¤pȪº±ø¥ó |
3. «ç»ò¥Î? |
A. Gibbs¦Û¥Ñ¯à |
B. Ellingham Diagram |
4. ¼öæi»Pµ²ºcæi |
5. ¼ö¤O¾Çªº¨î |
A. ¤£¯àª¾¹Dkinetics¡÷
¤£ª¾¤ÏÀ³¦³¦h§Ö¡B¤£ª¾¤¤¶¡²£ª«¡K |
B. ¤£¯àª¾¹D¤£¥¿Åªº±¡ªp (éw¨Ã¤£¬O¥¿Å)¡C |
C. ¥¨Æ[¦Ó«D·LÆ[(¶q¤l¤O¾Ç©M²Îp¤O¾Ç¥[¤J¥H«á¤~¦³·LÆ[ª¬ºA¼Æªº¤Þ¤J)¡C |
°Ý ÃD¡G¼ö¤O¾Ç¥i¤£¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó¬ã¨s¬Á¼þ¡H |
°Ý ÃD¡GGibbs¦Û¥Ñ¯à¥i¥H´¶¹Mªº¥Î¨Ó§P©w¦UºØ¤ÏÀ³ªº¤è¦V¡H |
°Ý
ÃD¡G¤°»ò¬O¼ö¤O¾Ç²Ä¹s©w«ß¡H |