§÷®Æ¬ì¾Ç¾É½×
¤K. §÷®Æªº¾÷±ñ©Ê½è

 

1. ²¤¶
        
                ³oºØ§÷®Æ¦³¦h±j¡H¯à©Ó¨ü¦h¤jªº¤O¤£·|¥Ã¤[ÅܧΡH
                ¤@©wªº­t²ü¤§¤U¡A³oºØ§÷®Æ·|«ç»òÅܧΡHÅܦh¤Ö¡H
                ¥Î¤°»ò¤èªk¥h´ú¸Õ¡H

 

2. §Ü©Ô¸ÕÅç(The tensile test (¡§pull test¡¨))
 
      A.  À³¤O¹ïÀ³Åܦ±½u (stress versus strain curve)
            -- ( ©ÔÀ³¤Otensile stress,  ; ©ÔÀ³ÅÜtensile strain, e)
            (a) ¤uµ{À³¤O(engineering stress, )
                  = P/Ao = (­t²ü¡Aload) / (ºI­±¿n)
            (b) ¤uµ{À³ÅÜ(engineering strain, )
           ƒÕƒÕ = (l-lo) / lo = l / lo = (¦ùªøªºªø«×) /¡]­ì¨Óªºªø«×¡^
            (c) ¯u¹êÀ³¤O»PÀ³ÅÜ(true stress and strain)
                  ¢w¦]¬°§Ü©Ô¸ÕÅ窺¸Õ¼Ë·|µo¥Í¡¨neck down¡¨
 
      B.  ¥D­n¾÷±ñ©Ê½è¡]¥Ñ§Ü©Ô¸ÕÅç¨D±o¡^¢w¢w
            (a) ¼u©Ê¼Ò¼Æ (modulus of elasticity, E)
            (b) ­°¥ñ±j«× (yield strength, Y.S.)
            (c) §Ü©Ô±j«× (tensile strength, T.S.)
            (d) ©µ©Ê (ductility, 100 xfailure)
                percent elongation at failure
            (e) ¶´©Ê (toughness = ƒÕ)
 
      C.  À³¤O¹ïÀ³Åܦ±½uªººØÃþ
            (a) Brittle fracture
            (b) Plastic deformation
            (c) Plastic deformation with yield point
 
¨Ò¥~¡G ¡]1¡^³³²¡¤]¨ã¶ì©Ê
                   ÆQ©¥ºc³yªº³³²¡¦pLiF, NaCl, MgO
                   ¢w¨ã·Æ°Ê¨t²Î¡A¬G¤]·|¶ì©ÊÅܧΡC
           ¡]2¡^ ª÷Äݤ]¨ã¯Ü©Ê

                   ¢w ¦UºØ¦Xª÷ (alloy)¡AűÅK(cast iron)¡A

                   ª÷Äݶ¡¤Æ¦Xª« (intermetallic compounds)¡C

 

3. ¦UºØ¼u©Ê±`¼Æªº©w¸q
 
      A.  ·¨¤ó«Y¼Æ [Young¡¦s modulus, E (Hooke¡¦s Law)]
      B.  °Å¤O¼Ò¼Æ (shear modulus, modulus of rigidity, G = £n¢A£^ )
      C.  Åé¿n¼u©Ê«Y¼Æ (bulk modulus, B = -£Gp/(£GV/V))
      D.  »ZªQ¤ñ (Poisson¡¦s ratio, v )
 
      ¨Ò¡G³¡¥÷§÷®Æ¦b«Ç·Å¤Uªº¼u©Ê©Ê½è

 

4. ¼²À»¸ÕÅç [impact test ] ¡V impact engergy & toughness
 
      A.  ¯Ê¤f
            (a) µL¯Ê¤f (Unnotched)
            (a) V§Î¯Ê¤f (V-notch) resistance to crack propagation.
            (a) Æ_°Í¤Õ¯Ê¤f (Key-hole notch)
      B.  ·Å«×¹ï¼²À»¸ÕÅ窺¼vÅT
            ¡X ÂàÅÜ·Å«× (transition T)
      C.  ¤º¦b»P¥~¦b¯Ê¤f¹ï¼²À»¸ÕÅ窺¼vÅT
            ¡X ©µ©ÊÅK¡]§t²yª¬¥Û¾¥¡^»P¦ÇÅK¡]§t¤ùª¬¥Û¾¥¡^

 

5. ³³²¡ªº¾÷±ñ©Ê½è
 
      A.  µõ»Ø»PÀ³¤O¶°¤¤(Cracks and Stress Concentration)
      B.  ³³²¡ªº¦UºØ±j«×´ú¸Õ¤èªk
            (a) §Ü©Ô±j«× (tensile strength)
            (b) Ås¦±±j«× [bend strength (Modulus of Rupture)]
            (c) À£ÁY±j«× (compressive strength)
            (d) Âù¶b±j«× (biaxial strength)

 

6. µw«×ªº´ú¸Õ¤èªk
 
      A.  µõ»Ø»PÀ³¤O¶°¤¤(Cracks and Stress Concentration)
            (a) Brinell (BHN),
            (b) Vickers (VHN),
            (c) Knoop (KHN),
            (d) Rockwell ( RA,C,D,B,F,G,E)
      B.  ©TÅ骺¤º»E¯à(cohesive energy)»Pµw«×ªºÃö«Y
      C.  ´XºØ±`¥Îµw«×¨t²Î¤ñ¸û

 

7. ¼çÅܸÕÅç [creep test ]
 
      A.  ³æ´¹¤§¶ì©ÊÅܧÎ
      B.  ¼çÅܦ±½u (¤T´Á¡Gprimary, secondary, final)

 

8. ³æ´¹
 
      A.  ¤j©ó 1/2 Tm (µ´¹ï·Å«×K)
      B.  ´¹Å餤ªº·Æ°Ê¨t²Î (slip systems)

 

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